Douglas Steevesie

1. What is The ER Diagram?

There are various ways to represent a system or infrastructure. When it comes to explaining the connections between the infrastructure elements, the best way to deal with it is ER diagram. They have different symbols and models to explain the entities and their relationship. Since there are various elements to work with, the user may find it challenging to create their ER diagram.

ERD or entity relationship diagram is a logical structure that shows the connection between the various elements. It includes different symbols and structures to explain the relationship between those components. The primary function of an ER Diagram is to demonstrate an infrastructure. Thus, allowing the authority to do an accessible analysis of the data and have an organized database. The whole ER diagrams model depends on entities, their attributes, and their connections with each other. You can use the ERD examples as a reference while working on their ER diagrams.

2. The ER Diagram Examples

Based on the usage, ER diagrams are of various types. Here are some examples for the users who can follow them follow reference while working on their ER diagram.

Example 1: College ER Diagram

Source:EdrawMax Online

The given ERD example shows the relationship between various elements like students information, department information and how they are related to each other. The given ERD example shows the connection between a student, department, and details about the department head, courses, and more. These types of ERD are useful for other fields as well. An administrator can use these ERDs to maintain the record of their employees, students, or clients.

Example 2: Forum Chen ER Diagram

Source:EdrawMax Online

It is a model of the entity-relationship diagram, and Chen's notation can help decipher the interrelation between the various elements present in the system. In the above mentioned ERD example, the diagram creator has explained the connection between the forum users, topic, reply, and other things. They are connected. Or one can say that they have a connection to several different things present in the system. The user can use this ERD as a reference to create one of their own.

Example 3: University ER Diagram

Source:EdrawMax Online

The University ERD shows the connection between the departments, students, faculties, instructors, and courses. They are the components of the University system. They are dependent on each other, and hence the admins can store the students' data, their courses, and teachers using ERDs. These types of ERDs are prevalent, and companies and organizations use them widely for keeping records of their clients or employees.

Example 4: Business ER Diagram

Source:EdrawMax Online

The idea of Foreign Key is ERD is widely present to identify a row from the same table or another table. In the ERD, the user can note the foreign key as FK. In the mentioned ERD example, several elements relate to sales that connect: product, customer, vendors, sales, sales details, stock, shops, and more. The users can similarly create interconnected data using this ERD example.

Example 5: Database of School System

Source:EdrawMax Online

An ERD diagram explains how various components and their information are interconnected, and hence many administrations maintain ERDs for easy record-keeping.

The ERD example shows how the school authority can track hundreds and thousands of students using simple ERDs. They can relate the students' details like name, years, courses, and then details of the courses and course teacher. Therefore, they can easily keep track of their students.

Example 6: Hospital System ER Diagram

Source:EdrawMax Online

A hospital needs to record the patients as they might need their medical history, test records, and doctor's information multiple times. Thus, they often keep that information in ERDs as these Diagrams allow them to create the relationships between those various elements. They can also add their examination report of text reports for future use. The user can check the given hospital system ERDs to create their ERD.

Example 7: Hotel Management System

Source:EdrawMax Online

Hotel management is a complicated idea, and the managers need to keep accurate data no matter how big or small the hotel is. They must have the complete details about their customers, payments, food, services, rooms, bookings, check-ins, and other things.

As there are various elements they need to keep track of, it often gets complicated. They can use ER diagrams to make the process easy. They can also include multiple information like their employees, service members, and their shifts in ERDs.

Example 8: Production Tracking ER Diagram

Source:EdrawMax Online

The companies who work to produce batches of products want to keep track of their production. It helps them to have an idea about the raw materials and other production details. It is helpful as it can allow them to prevent the wastage of time and raw material. In the given ERD example, there is the mention of details like raw material, raw material lot, production units. The company can easily keep track of its stocks and productions using this ERD.

Example 9: Student Enrollment ER Diagram

Source:EdrawMax Online

Keeping a university database is very significant for having accurate data about the students and their courses. As an ERD depicts the connections between the entities present in the scenario and their inter-relationship. In the given ERD example, the user can see data like the student name and course details in the ERD, which helps the university authority have complete information. The user can check the ERD example and use it as a reference.

Example 10: Examination Schedule ER Diagram

Source:EdrawMax Online

The ERDs can also help institutes to organize the exam schedule perfectly. They can add students' names, courses, roll numbers, and other details in an ERD while arranging the exam schedule. They can interrelate the data with the room number, capacity, availability, and such things. It allows the authority to manage the exam properly. The user can create similar ERDs for management and modify the data as per their requirements while considering the example as a model.

3. Online ER Diagram Maker

Since ER diagrams have a wide range of functionality, many people may find them easy to create. They can use EdrawMax Online, one of the best online tools to generate ER diagrams. They come with templates and symbols which allow an inexperienced user to start their work without much problem. The tool is user-friendly and has a resource center that helps the users to have a better experience. If the user is looking for a highly functional tool, they can use it now.

EdrawMax Online not just an online ER diagram maker. Use EdrawMax online to create your ER diagram without efforts, just grab a ER diagram template or choose one ER diagram template from EdrawMax Template Gallery and keep customization as your preference, and your ER diagram is ready.

4. Key Takeaways

For a well-organized database, the organizations can choose to use ER diagrams. They gave insight into the relationship between various system components, making it efficient to have a logical structure with inter-connections. Though it sounds complicated, it is easy to understand through ER diagram examples. The users can take the help of EdrawMax Online for the best results and a user-friendly experience.

In conclusion, EdrawMax Online is a quick-start diagramming tool, which is easier to make ER diagrams. Also, it contains substantial built-in templates that you can use for free. If you are still confused about how to make ER diagram in EdrawMax Online, this ER diagram guide may help you to create diagrams step by step.

NGT directs NHAI to maintain green cover along highways

The National Green Tribunal has directed the National Highway Authority of India (NHAI) to maintain the mandatory green cover along national and state highways in order to maintain ecological balance.

A bench headed by NGT Chairperson Justice Swatanter Kumar also directed the Delhi government, the Haryana and Rajasthan governments to ensure plantation on government land on both sides of NH-1 and NH-8.

"The NCT Delhi, State of Haryana and State of Rajasthan are directed to ensure due plantation on government land which are adjacent/abutting national highway and such other state highways.

"The state governments and all local authorities shall also issue directions to all group housing societies, commercial plots and land that is allotted by the state government for any office, residential block, that they would plant trees along their boundaries and raise green belts around buildings," the bench said.

The green panel directed the state governments and all local authorities to encourage tree plantation in public parks and other places wherever it is possible to plant additional trees to ensure better environment and to provide greater protection to the ambient air quality prevailing in that area.

"Bringing up these trees and their maintenance shall be the responsibility of all local authorities, societies, etc," the bench said.

The NHAI assured the tribunal that it would follow the Green Highways (Plantation, Transplantation, Beautification and Maintenance) Policy, 2015 in true spirit and substance.

The aim of the policy is to promote greening of highway corridors with participation of the community, farmers, private sector, NGOs, and government institutions.

It told the tribunal that it would ensure maintenance of green cover on both sides of the road where the land abutting the "national highway, roads, state national highway" was under construction and where government land is available after leaving scope of expansion.

The Indian road network of 33 lakh kms is the second largest in the world and stretches to about 96,000 kms of NHs, which constitutes only 1.7 per cent of the road network but carries about 40 per cent of the total road traffic.

The NGT was hearing a plea filed by an NGO CHETNA seeking a direction for maintenance of mandatory 30 metres green cover on both sides of the national highways.

It had said that an effort should be made by NHAI and the state governments, through which national highways pass, to preserve and maintain the surrounding areas.

"As per norms adopted by the NHAI, mandatory green of 30 metres on each side of the highway/scheduled road and 50 metres on both sides of any bypass is to be maintained," it had said.

The petition had also referred to the notifications issued by the Haryana government which said that no construction can be allowed within 30 metres on either side of national highways and 50 metres on both sides in case of bypass road and it has to be maintained as green area.

"The basic concept is that trees should be planted along the highway to maintain ecological balance between pollution and development and the future need for expansion of roads and insulate the population living nearby from noise pollution, dust and emission pollution," it said.

(This story has not been edited by Business Standard staff and is auto-generated from a syndicated feed.)

An unholy union between the OSR and PbtA. A modern take on fantasy rpgs compatible with the classics.

Vagabonds of Dyfed is designed to emulate old-school rpgs with streamlined mechanics . It focuses on "traditional" emergent storytelling and fictional positioning, while leveraging a cut-down Powered by the Apocalypse mechanic.

Vagabonds picks the pockets of greater games: World of Dungeons , Barbarians of Lemuria , Blades in the Dark , City of Mist , the Black Hack and the Whitehack , and of course Moldvay's venerable Basic .

• Less swingy and random than most d20 games

• Easy rules for tactics, clever approaches, and problem solving

• Players roll everything (usually)

• A single roll for attack and damage (which scales)

The game is (mostly) mechanically compatible with OSR retroclones, but benefits from a non-binary PbtA style system.

• A single PbtA "move" core: 2d6 + mod, tiered results

• Player-generated traits instead of playbooks or attributes

• High character lethality (low HP, old school damage)

• Strong GM authority (permissions, GM adjudication)

Basically, we set out to make World of Dungeons on steroids and came pretty close.

Character Sheet

Table of Contents

Quick Reference (by David Schirduan)

How Is It (Not) OSR?

The GM principles and methods are written to:

• Present situations, not plots

• Challenge both the player and the character

• Discard any notion of fairness or balance

• Remain an impartial judge and referee; an objective observer

• Reveal the world through immersive play -- things aren't collaboratively built by the group; it favors verisimilitude

• Maintain GM authority

The game is built to be as close to compatible to 0e and B/X (Moldvay style) as possible.

• HP and damage align with B/X, WoDu, and similar clones

• PC power level and growth curve is similar to Basic, only 6 levels (most abilities grant tools, not numerical power)

• Healing is difficult and can be time consuming; some injuries are permanent

• Spells demand sacrifice and can yield unintended consequences

While 2d6 + mod isn't compatible with B/X AC and attack rolls, this isn't the first OSR game to eschew such mechanics (Maze Rats, Barbarians of Lemuria, Black Hack). Since the roll is based more on what the character can accomplish as opposed to the nature of the challenge, it plays more like the Whitehack and many other OSR saving throw systems (Labyrinth Lord, etc).

Even though you can ignore a monster or a challenge's attack and AC, there are mechanics for tweaking especially difficult tasks or enemies. There's a thorough section on converting and creating monsters from old school games (with many must-have monster statblocks included) making it easy to adjust as necessary.

Module Flexibility and Incorporation

Most OSR modules, adventures, spells, and monsters are ready to pick up and play as is. Converting the few things that don't perfectly align is trivial and can be done on the fly. Grabbing your favorite adventure from DCC, LL, or Basic takes almost no additional prep.

Character Creation

One of the biggest departures from the OSR is the way characters are created; less random and more flexible than most old school games. The closest OSR analog is Barbarians of Lemuria or Whitehack, but chargen is solidly in the "new school" camp.

Each player defines a few traits that describe the character (their approach, their background, etc) and when those traits are relevant they gain a bonus to their roll. Additionally characters have lineages (elf, dwarf, etc) and special abilities, spells, and so forth.

Random Tables?

Other than those associated with magical mutations or traveling through the harsh wilderness, Vagabonds doesn't have many random tables. We feel that there is an endless supply of those already out there; Vagabonds is trying to streamline the systems at play, not provide a lot of additional flavor or content.

What OSR Games is it most similar to?

It plays like a combination of White Hack, Maze Rats, and Basic.

How is it (Not) PbtA?

The game's presented in a barebones, compact way. It can be hard for those used to other PbtA games to pick it up and run it like Dungeon World or Fellowship. Much of the advice and GM material found in other PbtA games is absent here; and that's by design.

Vagabonds is meant to be as light and dense as possible; while there's little to no advice, GM moves, or spelled out agendas, there are dozens of examples and principles to follow. We feel that the spirit of the game will come naturally to those through its play.

No playbooks?

Well, sort of. There are several character "archetypes" in the back of the book which function very similarly to playbooks. However character creation is a lot like World of Dungeons mixed with City of Mist — a combination of free form traits and player selected abilities.

Basically there's a system in place for "building your own playbook," not unlike early versions of Blades in the Dark or Uncharted Worlds. If you've played Freeform Universal, RISUS, or Fate, it won't be unfamiliar.

Only one move?

The core is limited to a single move; basically Defy Danger. Most of the time the GM can make a ruling or interpretation and move on. However, there are tons of additional moves in the form of techniques.

Techniques are structured like PbtA moves but fill the role of spells, feats, or special abilities from other fantasy rpgs. All of these techniques conform to genre conventions (fantasy skullduggery), but since they're not bundled into playbooks you're able to mix and match til your heart's content. This allows you to maintain the PbtA principle of sticking to the theme of the game without restricting you to a confined playbook structure. It's admittedly more burdensome on the player (you can use the Archetypes all the way through level 6 if you wish) but the added customization is half the fun.

So like Dungeon World? Freebooters on the Frontier?

While related, it's pretty dissimilar to those games. There's much less meta-collaboration or player agency. Some might call Vagabonds primarily "actor stance" as opposed to "author stance;" the game encourages a clear distinction between GM authority and player input.

Dungeon World is of course a huge source of inspiration (it is what gave rise to World of Dungeons in the first place) but many of its rules have been discarded in favor of simpler, older, harsher ones. Likewise, it plays very differently due to the single-roll attack + damage, lack of playbooks, and shallower overall power curve.

What Else Is in the Book?

Check out the table of contents , or review the list below:

• Examples: tons of examples, some for practically every rule or subsystem in the game.

• Plan and Prep rolls : speed up play if you don't have time to plan every detail and stow every torch

• Tool kits : packets of semi-abstracted gear and items

• Travel turns : track and trigger random dungeon or wilderness encounters

• Hirelings: allies, mercenaries, even warhounds

• Easy but interesting equipment rules: equipment functions like a combination of tags and techniques, sometimes granting permissions or bonuses, other times entire abilities or spells

• Magic : various interpretations of how magic can work in your game (techniques only? Traits permissible? Anyone?)

• Downtime scenes: cribbed and simplified from Blades in the Dark , but works surprisingly well in this context

• Decays and hazards: weather, poisons, spell-mutations, and looming threats

• Premade archetypes: want to get started playing in five minutes? Grab an archetype and start slayin'

Book Format

The game comes in two formats:

• A digital-only, single-column PDF great for phones or smaller screens
• A print, black and white, two-column square layout

When you buy the game you get the PDF of both versions in case you prefer the wider, two column format. Likewise, when you buy the print version you get all PDF formats. Finally, note that even though DT lists the game as "color" the interior of the book is printed in black and white; color printing is the only way we can get the higher quality paper.